• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    It is a water-permeable support structure (1), in particular for embankment stabilization, in railway, road and road construction, as well as for terracing and terracing, described, the arrangement of micropiles (2) in a horizontal distance from each other in the underground (U) Embankment (B) are anchored, and a böschungsseitig the micropiles (2) mounted surface retaining device (3, 4), which bridges the areas between the micropiles (2) and on near the bottom of the micropiles (2) mounted supports (6 ). Each micropile (2) is embedded at a transition from the ground (U) to the surface in a concrete seal (5) surrounding the micropillar (2) on all sides, an extension (1) measured in the direction of the slope (B) from 15 cm to 50 cm, preferably 20 cm to 40 cm, and a longitudinal depth of the micropile measured depth (t) of 25 cm to 35 cm, preferably 30 cm.
    公开号:CH711288A2
    申请号:CH00964/15
    申请日:2015-07-02
    公开日:2017-01-13
    发明作者:Meli Ruedi；Joldic Senaid
    申请人:Ribbert Ag；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The invention relates to a water-permeable support structure, in particular for supports of railway lines and for terracing and Terraingestaltungen.
    In railway, road and road construction, terracing in horticulture, terracing, etc. support structures are often required, for example, to secure banquets, embankments, slopes or sidewalks to stabilize, etc. From the prior art are different variants stabilizing support structures and banquet fuses known. For terrain jumps, for example, angle retaining walls or heavyweight walls can be used. However, this type of support structure requires a lot of effort in terms of excavation and foundations. For the production of relatively large foundations heavy formwork elements must be transported, and it is usually required heavy equipment for its creation. Because of the large foundations and the required amounts of concrete angle support walls and heavy weight walls are relatively expensive and expensive to manufacture.
    For ballast bed widening and for the creation of edge paths in rail tracks are known from the prior art, for example, support structures with support jaws, which are fastened by vertically driven into the ground micro-piles or injection lances on a slope. In addition to the vertical micropiles, horizontal or inclined return anchors may be provided to provide the support structure with the required stability and to avoid or at least reduce emigration that may occur as a result of shock during on-line operation. The support cheeks usually consist of concrete slabs, which are supported on mounted on the vertical micropiles near the ground clamps. The space between the embankment and the supporting cheeks is filled with a filling material, for example with soil that has been removed from the surroundings of the embankment, on which then the new edge path can be created. Such support structures with micropiles, back anchors and support cheeks require significantly less effort in terms of excavation. Foundations can usually be dispensed with altogether. However, these support structures require the transport and manipulation of prefabricated concrete elements which form the support cheeks. These must also be specially designed, in particular laterally have a special toothing so that they can be joined together to form a continuous support structure. The distances of the micropiles from each other must be maintained very accurately, so that the prefabricated in a predetermined length support cheeks can be mounted on it. It is immediately obvious that the required accuracy of the spacing of the micropiles requires a considerable, increased effort for setting them.
    There is therefore a desire for a support structure that is easier and can be created without extensive preparation. The support structure should have a high stability, be largely insensitive to vibrations and have the required water permeability. In addition, the design of the support structure should allow it to follow the course of the terrain easily, without the need for complex terrain straightening and Bodenabtragarbeiten are required.
    The solution to these and other objects is a water-permeable support structure, which has the features cited in claim 1. Further developments and / or advantageous embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.
    The invention provides a water-permeable support structure, in particular for embankment stabilization, in railway, road and road construction, as well as for terracing and landscaping, proposed that an arrangement of micropiles, which are anchored in a horizontal distance from each other in the ground, and a Böhschungsseitig the micropiles mounted areal retainer, which bridges the areas between the micropiles and is supported on near the ground on mounted on the micropiles supports includes. Each micropile is embedded at a transition from subsurface to surface in a concrete seal surrounding the micropillar on all sides, an extension of 15 cm to 50 cm, preferably 20 cm to 40 cm measured in the direction of the embankment, and a depth measured in the longitudinal direction of the micropile from 25 cm to 35 cm, preferably 30 cm.
    The micropiles in the context of the present invention are piles of variable diameter up to about 200 mm. They are applied as Druckpfahle as well as Zugpfahle for the introduction of loads in the ground or the ground. The length of the micropiles depends on the ground properties. The micropiles are rammed or drilled into the ground, where they are, for example, injected with cement mortar and post-pressed. They introduce the loads into the ground by means of skin friction. For example, as the micropiles, steel profiles of different geometries, e.g. Railroad tracks, HEB beams or wide flange beams, pipes, etc. are used. As steel grades, for example, S235, S355, B500, S670, etc. are used. The drilling diameter for the micro piles depends mainly on the nature of the substrate, the static requirements and the corrosion protection regulations that must be met for the supporting structure. The injection material is based on cement and may have additives as corrosion protection.
    By the micro piles are embedded at the transition from the substrate to the surface in a concrete seal, the stability of the micro piles can be further improved. The space between the planar restraint device and the embankment is filled with a filling material, for example with old ballast or stones. Due to the pressure of the filling material on the concrete seals, the micropiles can be fixed in their setting position. As a result, the entire support structure is stabilized and can be counteracted emigration. In this case, a size of the concrete seal with a measured in the direction of the slope extent of 15 cm to 50 cm, preferably from 20 cm to 40 cm, and a measured in the longitudinal direction of the micropore depth of 25 cm to 35 cm, preferably 30 cm, as sufficient. The concrete seal may be formed approximately circular or substantially oval.
    A variant of the invention may provide that the micropillar is embedded asymmetrically in the concrete seal. This means that a section of the concrete seal which extends from an outer wall of the micropillar in the direction of the embankment is longer than a section of the concrete seal extending in the opposite direction. Decisive for the additional stabilization of the micro pile is only the portion of the concrete seal extending in the direction of the slope, which is covered by the filling material which exerts the pressure.
    In a further embodiment of the invention can be provided that each support for the planar retaining device is at least partially embedded in a concrete seal. As a result, the supports mounted on the associated micropiles can be fixed in the vertical direction. Even if the attachment of a support on the associated micro pile, for example, as a result of excessive vibration, should solve, the location of the support remains unchanged. This applies to the vertical position of the support as well as its spatial orientation with respect to the micropile.
    In one embodiment of the water-permeable support structure, each support may have a clamp-like attachment portion for attaching the support to its associated micro pile. The mounting of the support on the micro pile is then done simply by fixing the micro pile embracing arms of the mounting portion and by tightening a clamping screw. The support portion connected to the clamp-like attachment portion may, for example, have a socket-like portion. Alternatively, the support portion may for example be formed as an upwardly open, U-shaped receiving portion for the planar retention device.
    In one embodiment of the support structure, the planar restraint device may comprise a wire mesh. Wire lattices are lately, for example, as baskets for receiving gravel and rock, which has a grain size that is greater than the mesh size of the wire mesh used. Wire mesh ensure the desired water permeability in any case.
    A variant of the support structure may provide that the wire mesh is connected to a frame construction, which is supported on the supports and fixed to the micropiles. The frame construction adds stability to the support structure and allows for a less massive wireframe construction.
    In a further embodiment of the invention, the wire mesh can be present as a roll material and be cut to length on site and mounted on the frame structure. For example, the wire mesh can be formed as a wave mesh with a wire thickness of about 3 mm and a mesh further of about 30 mm x 30 mm.
    In an alternative embodiment of the invention, the wire mesh may be present in sections already cut to length, which can be mounted on the frame structure on site. In such an embodiment, for example, special grating with a wire thickness of about 5 mm can be used. These can have a mesh size of about 30 mm x 100 mm. In the assembled state, the longer dimension of the mesh can usually be aligned vertically.
    Finally, in a further embodiment of the support structure, the wire mesh and the frame construction can even be designed as prefabricated, assembled units that can be mounted on the micropiles and connected to each other on site.
    A variant of the support structure may provide that the wire mesh has a mesh size whose smallest dimension is 25 mm to 31 mm, preferably 30 mm. The smallest dimension of the mesh size defines the minimum grain size of the filled in the space between the wire mesh and the embankment filling material, such as old ballast, which usually has a grain size of at least 32 mm.
    In a further embodiment of the inventive support structure, the frame construction may be composed of hollow rectangular tube profiles. Hollow rectangular tube profiles are available in different cross sections. The frame construction can therefore be designed for the expected load. The frame construction can be modular and have, for example, frame modules of 40 cm, 60 cm and 80 cm in height. The hollow rectangular tube profiles can be very easily connected to each other with plug-in rails. By providing the connector rails serving as connectors with different angles, the frame structures attached to the micropiles can be easily assembled and formed in accordance with the terrain. In railway applications, for example, this makes it very easy to bypass a mast foundation to allow free access. The plug-in rails serving as connectors can be angled at an angle of up to 90 ° and thereby allow the construction of a frame construction, which consists of at an angle of 90 ° to each other arranged modules. Plug connectors, for example, can be used as connectors, which have variable offset angles. In one embodiment, for example, plug-in rails can be used which have an angle of 0 °, 15 °, 30 °, 45 ° and 90 °.
    The micropiles of the support structure may in one embodiment of the invention from one another have a horizontal distance, which is about 1 m to 3 m, preferably about 2 m to 2.5 m. The distance of the micropiles depends on the nature of the substrate, the desired shape, geometry and height of the support structure and the static requirements of the support structure.
    In a further embodiment of the invention, the micro piles with a horizontally extending plane in the ground, usually the concrete seal, enclose an angle of 60 ° to 90 °. The micro piles are inclined at angles smaller than 90 ° to the slope. The micropiles are primarily used to derive the applied vertical forces from the support structure into the subsurface. In addition, the micropiles can also absorb shear forces and thus increase the global stability of the embankment.
    In a further embodiment of the support structure, the micropiles may be connected to at least back anchors, which are opposite to a longitudinal extent of the micropiles at an angle of 5 ° to 45 °, preferably about 15 °, inclined and anchored groundbreaking groundbreaking in the ground from the mountain side are. In the volume area occupied by the filling material, each back anchor can be protected with a protective tube against mechanical damage. The return anchors can be designed as steel or plastic anchors, for example GRP rod anchors with different diameters. In particular, GRP rod anchors have high corrosion resistance, high tensile strength, low weight and easy bendability. Moreover, they are relatively easy to move. The bore diameter and the diameter of the return anchor are based on the static requirements of the substrate and the respective corrosion protection regulations. The return anchors may for example also be designed as a cable anchor, which may be formed in untreated, galvanized, or stainless, and which may each be arranged in a protective tube. Each return anchor may be connected to an associated micropile. For example, the connection may be formed as a cable loop around a micropile. The return anchors are primarily used to initiate the applied horizontal forces on the support structure in the underground. In addition, the return anchors also increase the global slope stability of the subsoil.
    In one embodiment of the support structure arranged on the micropiles back anchors may have a horizontal distance from each other, which is 1 m to 3 m, preferably about 2 m to 2.5 m.
    Depending on the vertical height of the support structure, none, one, two or more layers of return anchors can be arranged. The layers of back anchors may have a vertical spacing of 0.4 m to 1 m, preferably about 0.6 m. Up to a height of the support structure of less than 0.8 m, usually no back anchors are required. It may be sufficient to place a sufficiently large number of micropiles at a relatively small distance from one another, for example about 1 m. With a vertical height of the support structure of up to 2 m, one or two vertically stacked layers of back anchors may be arranged. The return anchors of the various layers are preferably arranged exactly above one another. The retaining device for the filling material, in particular the frame construction and the wire mesh can also be modular in order to achieve the required height. In this case, frame elements with predetermined dimensions can be arranged one above the other. The same applies to the wire mesh. The total height of the water-permeable support device is a maximum of 2 m; usual is a height of 1 m.
    A further embodiment of the invention may finally provide that a free end of each micro pile can be covered with a cap-like plug-in attachment, which has a clamp-like extension for fixing the planar retaining device. The cap-like plug-in facilitates the installation of the support structure by the retention device can be automatically fixed when placed.
    Further advantages and features of the invention will become apparent from the following description of an exemplary embodiment of the support structure. It shows in a non-scale schematic representation:<Tb> FIG. 1 <SEP> is a perspective view on a visible side of a support structure according to the invention; and<Tb> FIG. FIG. 2 shows a cross-section of a further exemplary embodiment of the support structure with a structure that is essentially analogous to FIG. 1.
    A variant of a support structure according to the invention is provided in Fig. 1 and in Fig. 2 each with the reference numeral 1 in total. Such support structures 1 are used, for example, for supports in railway, road and road construction, as well as for terracing and landscaping. The support structure 1 comprises an array of micropiles 2, 2, 2, 2, which are anchored at a horizontal distance a from each other in the subsurface U of an embankment B. The horizontal distance a of the micropiles 2 from each other is about 1 m to 3 m, typically about 2 m to 2.5 m. Usually, the horizontal distances a from each other adjacent micropiles 2, 2 and 2, 2 are about the same size. However, this is not a mandatory condition; Depending on the nature of the terrain and on the geometry of the support structure 1, the distances a adjacent micro piles can also be different in size. The micropiles 2 are arranged substantially vertically to the ground. However, they may also be inclined in the direction of the slope B. In this case, the micropiles with a horizontal plane in the ground U include an angle λ of up to 60 °.
    The micropiles 2 are piles having a variable diameter of, for example, up to about 200 mm. They can be used as Druckpfahle as well as Zugpfahle for the introduction of loads in the ground or the ground. The micropiles 2 have an axial length, which depends on the ground properties. The micropiles 2 are rammed or drilled into the ground and there, for example, with cement mortar ausinjiziert and post-pressed. They introduce the loads into the ground by means of skin friction. For example, as the micropiles, steel profiles of different geometries, e.g. Railroad tracks, HEB beams or wide flange beams, pipes, etc. are used. As steel grades, for example, S235, S355, B500, S670, etc. are used. The bore diameter for the micropiles 2 depends primarily on the nature of the substrate, the static requirements and the corrosion protection regulations that must be met for the support structure 1. The injection material is based on cement and may have additives as corrosion protection.
    A frame construction 3 bridges the gaps between the micropiles 2. The frame structure 3 may for example be composed of hollow rectangular tube profiles. Plug-in rails (not shown), for example, serve as connectors for the rectangular tube profiles. A wire mesh 4 is arranged on the bank side and connected to the frame construction. The wire mesh 4 may for example be a wave mesh with a wire thickness of about 3 mm and have a mesh size of about 30 mm x 30 mm. An alternative embodiment variant of the wire grid 4 may have a wire thickness of, for example, about 5 mm and a mesh width of about 30 mm × 100 mm. In this case, the greater length denotes the vertical dimension of the meshes of the wire mesh 4. The combination of frame construction 3 and wire mesh 4 forms a retaining device for a filler material 10 (FIG. 2), which is in the space between the support structure 1 and the slope B. The filling material may be, for example, old gravel with a grain size of at least 32 mm. In conjunction with the minimum mesh size of the wire grid of about 30 mm, it is ensured that the filling material is retained by the wire mesh 4. The wire mesh 4 may be in the form of roll material and cut to the desired length on site before being joined to the frame structure 3. If the roll material does not have the correct height, it can also be corrected on site. Alternatively, the wire mesh 4 can also be present in already pre-stretched webs, which can be connected to the frame structure 3 on site. Finally, the frame construction 3 and the wire mesh 4 can also be present as already prefabricated units, which can be fastened jointly to the micro piles 2 on site.
    The free end of each micropillar 2 can, as shown in Fig. 1, be covered with a cap-like plug-in top 7. The cap-like plug-in attachment 7 can also be equipped with a clip-like extension 71 (FIG. 2), which can serve for fixing at least the frame construction.
    2 shows that each micro pile 2 is embedded in a concrete seal 5. The concrete seal 5 may have an oval shape with a longest extension 1 in the direction of the slope B, which is about 15 cm to 50 cm, preferably 20 cm to 40 cm. A depth t of the concrete seal measured in the longitudinal direction of the micropillar 2 is about 25 cm to 35 cm, preferably about 30 cm. The micropillar 2 is arranged in the vicinity of the end of the concrete seal 5 remote from the embankment B, so that a section of the concrete seal 5 extending from the outer wall of the micropillar 2 in the direction of the embankment B is longer than a section of the concrete seal running in the opposite direction 5. The concrete seal the micro pile 2 is additionally stabilized in the underground U. The filled in the space between the support structure 1 and the embankment B filler presses on the longer portion of the concrete seal 5 and stabilizes the position of the micropillar 2 in addition.
    Fig. 2 further shows that the frame structure 3 is supported on a support 6, which is connected to the associated micro pile 2. For example, the support 6 has a clamp-like fastening section 61 for this purpose. The clamp-like fastening portion 61 can be fixed about the micropillar 2 via a clamping screw 62. To the mounting portion 61 of the support includes a support portion 63, which may be formed like a socket in the illustrated embodiment. The support 6 is at least partially embedded in the concrete seal 5. As a result, it remains fixed in position, even if the clamping screw 62 should solve as a result of vibration.
    The wire grid connected to the frame structure 3 is provided with the reference numeral 4. It may be connected in a manner not shown with the frame structure 3. For example, wire staples or wire loops are used. The cap-like plug-in attachment 7, which covers the free end of the micropillar 2, can be equipped with a clamp-like extension 71. When placing the cap-like plug attachment 7 on the micropillar an upper cross member 31 of the frame structure 3 is automatically fixed by the bracket-like extension 71. A lower cross member 32 of the frame structure can also be fixed to the micropillar 2, for example with a clamp or a wire loop. In general, however, a separate fixation is not required, since the frame construction 3 is pressed together with the wire mesh 4 by the pressure of the filling material 10 against the micropiles and thereby fixed.
    From a vertical height of 80 cm of the support structure 1, this, as shown in Fig. 2, even return anchor 8, which are anchored in the subsurface U of the embankment B. The return anchors 8 are compared to a longitudinal extent of the micropiles 2 by an angle β of 5 ° to 45 °, preferably about 15 °, inclined and anchored by the embankment B groundbreaking in the underground U. The return anchors 8 are preferably arranged in the direct vicinity of the micropiles and connected to these, for example via a cable loop 81. In the volume range, which is taken by the indicated by the reference numeral 10 filler, each back anchor 8 may be protected by a protective tube, not shown, from mechanical damage. The return anchors 8 can be designed as steel or plastic anchors, for example GRP rod anchors with different diameters. GRP rod anchors have high corrosion resistance, high tensile strength, low weight and easy bendability. Moreover, they are relatively easy to move. The bore diameter and the diameter of the back anchors 8 are based on the static requirements of the substrate U and the respective corrosion protection regulations. According to the illustrated embodiment, the return anchors 8 may be formed, for example, as untreated, galvanized or stainless cable anchors, which are each arranged in a protective tube 82. The return anchors 8 increase the global slope stability of the subsoil. The return anchors 8 may preferably be arranged on the micropiles 2. Adjacent back anchors 8 have a horizontal distance from each other, which is 1 m to 3 m, preferably about 2 m to 2.5 m.
    Depending on the vertical height of the support structure, multiple layers of return anchors 8 can be arranged one above the other. The layers of back anchors 8 can have a vertical spacing of 0.4 m to 1 m, preferably about 0.6 m.
    The above description of a specific embodiment of the invention serves only to illustrate the essential aspects of the invention and is not to be regarded as limiting. Rather, the invention is defined by the claims and the skilled in the art and encompassed by the general inventive concept equivalents.
    权利要求:
    Claims (16)
    [1]
    1. Water-permeable support structure, in particular for slope stabilization, in railway, road and road construction, and for terracing and terracing, comprising an array of micropiles (2), in a horizontal distance (a) from each other in the underground (U) of a slope (B ) and a bulge - side retaining device mounted on the micropiles (2) which bridges the regions between the micropiles (2) and is supported at ground level on supports (6) mounted on the micropiles (2), characterized in that each micro pile (2) is embedded at a transition from the substrate (U) to the surface in a concrete seal (5) surrounding the micropile (2) on all sides, an extension (1) measured in the direction of the slope (B) of 15 cm 50 cm, preferably 20 cm to 40 cm, and a longitudinal depth of the micropillar (2) measured depth (t) of 25 cm to 35 cm, preferably 30 cm.
    [2]
    2. Support structure according to claim 1, characterized in that a from an outer wall of the micropillar (2) in the direction of the slope (B) extending portion of the concrete seal (5) is longer than a running in the opposite direction portion of the concrete seal (5).
    [3]
    3. Support structure according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that each support (6) is at least partially embedded in a concrete seal (5).
    [4]
    4. Support structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each support (6) has a clamp-like fastening portion (61) for attachment of the support to a micro pile.
    [5]
    5. Support structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the planar retaining device comprises a wire mesh (4).
    [6]
    6. Support structure according to claim 5, characterized in that the wire grid (4) with a frame structure (3) is connected, which is supported on the supports (6) and fixed to the micropiles (2).
    [7]
    7. Support structure according to claim 6, characterized in that the wire grid (4) is present as a roll material and can be cut to length on the frame and (3) can be mounted.
    [8]
    8. Support construction according to claim 6, characterized in that the wire grid (4) is present in cut-to-length sections which can be mounted on the frame structure (3) on site.
    [9]
    9. Support structure according to claim 6, characterized in that the wire grid (4) and the frame structure (3) are designed as prefabricated modules assembled together, which are mounted on the micropiles (2) and connectable to each other.
    [10]
    10. Support structure according to one of claims 5 to 9, characterized in that the wire mesh (4) has a mesh size whose smallest dimension is 25 mm to 31 mm, preferably 30 mm.
    [11]
    11. Support structure according to one of claims 6 to 10, characterized in that the frame construction (3) is composed of hollow rectangular tube profiles.
    [12]
    12. Support structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that adjacent micropiles (2) have a horizontal distance (a) from each other, which is 1 m to 3 m, preferably about 2 m to 2.5 m.
    [13]
    13. Support structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the micropiles (2) with a horizontally extending plane in the ground (U) include an angle (X) of 60 ° to 90 °, wherein the micropiles (2) at angles smaller are inclined at 90 ° to the slope.
    [14]
    14. Support structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it has a number of return anchors (8) from a height of the flat restraint of 80 cm, which are preferably connected to the micropiles (2) and with respect to a longitudinal extension of the micropiles (2 ) by an angle (β) of 5 ° to 45 °, preferably about 15 °, inclined and anchored by the slope (B) groundbreaking in the ground (U).
    [15]
    15. A support structure according to claim 12, characterized in that adjacent return anchors (8) from each other have a horizontal distance which is 1 m to 3 m, preferably about 2 m to 2.5 m.
    [16]
    16 support structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each micro pile (2) at its free end with a cap-like plug-in attachment (7) can be covered, which has a bracket-like extension (71) for fixing the planar retaining device.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    EP3112537A1|2017-01-04|
    CH711288B1|2019-02-28|
    EP3112537B1|2019-05-29|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    DE2935674A1|1979-09-04|1981-03-12|Hans 8202 Bad Aibling Ribbert|ARRANGEMENT FOR THE CREATION OF AN EDGING PATH NEXT TO THE BULLET BED OF A RAILWAY DAM.|
    AT500752B8|2004-11-08|2007-02-15|Hoch Tief Bau Imst Ges M B H|DEVICE FOR PROTECTING BORROWINGS, ESPECIALLY SKI SKIING|CH717561A1|2020-06-24|2021-12-30|Ribbert Ag|Water-permeable support structure.|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    CH00964/15A|CH711288B1|2015-07-02|2015-07-02|Water-permeable supporting structure, in particular for slope stabilization as well as for terracing and terracing.|CH00964/15A| CH711288B1|2015-07-02|2015-07-02|Water-permeable supporting structure, in particular for slope stabilization as well as for terracing and terracing.|
    EP16166874.4A| EP3112537B1|2015-07-02|2016-04-25|Water-permeable support structure|
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